The Janka hardness test is an important tool for consumers, as it measures the durability and strength of different wood species. This test is especially useful when deciding which wood floors are best suited for your home. But what exactly do Janka ratings mean, and how do they relate to the durability of both engineered and hardwood flooring?
By understanding how the Janka hardness test is performed and knowing how to compare the results, consumers can make more informed decisions about which wood floors will best meet their needs.
How Does the Janka Hardness Test Work?
The Janka hardness test was developed to measure a wood species’ resistance to wear and denting. It involves using a steel ball with a diameter of 0.444 inches to determine the amount of force needed to embed the ball into the wood to a depth equal to half its diameter.
In North America, the test results are reported in either LBF (pounds-force) or PSI (pounds per square inch). The Janka rating is often written with the wood species name, such as “3840 Curupay.”
The term “hardness” commonly refers to these Janka ratings. You can verify these figures with your flooring distributor, but most hardness numbers are, in fact, Janka ratings.
The Janka hardness test follows ASTM standards, ensuring reliable testing methods and results. All tests are conducted on wood samples, not installed flooring, and the results are averaged to provide a clear, easy-to-understand rating.
How to Compare Janka Ratings on Wood Floors
In simple terms, the higher the amount of force required to embed the steel ball, the harder the wood. Harder woods are generally more durable, so wood floors with higher Janka ratings tend to resist normal wear and tear better.
For example, Curupay has an impressive Janka rating of 3840 psi, while hard maple (sugar maple) scores 1540. In comparison, Chestnut has a Janka rating of 540, and White Pine is even lower at 420.
Several factors influence the hardness of wood, such as grain direction and cut. The overall strength and durability of wood floors are also affected by the manufacturing process, design, and finish. For engineered wood floors, the core material also plays a role, but the Janka rating of the wood itself remains the key factor.
Installers take Janka’s ratings into account when estimating the time and cost of installation. Higher-rated woods may require more experience and specialized tools for installation due to their increased resistance. This is another reason why floors with high Janka ratings tend to come with a higher price tag.
When shopping for hardwood or floating wood floors, check the Janka ratings to compare different wood species. This will give you a better idea of how well the flooring will withstand everyday wear and tear.